Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances in the walls of arteries, leading to the formation of plaques. This process narrows the arteries, reducing blood flow and increasing the risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes. Atherosclerosis can develop over decades and is often associated with risk factors like high cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, and Diabetes. Early detection and lifestyle changes can help manage and potentially reverse its progression.