Bulging and desiccation at the L5-S1 level indicate degenerative changes in the intervertebral disc, where the disc is protruding and losing hydration, potentially leading to nerve compression or pain. The thickened ligamentum flavum suggests an abnormal increase in thickness of this ligament, which can contribute to spinal stenosis. Hypertrophic facet joint arthropathy refers to the degeneration and enlargement of the facet joints, often resulting in pain and restricted mobility. Together, these conditions can lead to significant discomfort and functional impairment in the lower back.
The individual vertebrae are linked with the help of connecting tissues known as ligamentum flavum, When there is noticeable swelling due to inflammatory or degenerative changes, it is known as Ligamentum flavum thickening. A spinal MRI scan will be able to detect the swelling.
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The ligamentum arteriosum.
ligamentum
Thickened ligamentum flavum appears to be part of the process of aging. It's not a disability in and of itself. It can cause disability if it leads to symptoms.
In a newborn, the foramen ovale will close and become the fossa ovalis. The ductus arteriosus will close and become the ligamentum arteriosum. The ductus venosus will close and become the ligamentum venosum.
Ligamentum Arteriosum
Ligamentum arteriosum
Fossa ovalis and ligamentum. Fossa ovalis -> foramen lovale Ligamentum-> Ductus arteriosus
The umbilical vein
ligamentum arteriosum
Ligamentum patellae