HbA1c, or glycated hemoglobin, is a blood test that measures the average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months. It reflects how well Diabetes is being managed and is expressed as a percentage; higher percentages indicate poorer blood sugar control. This test helps healthcare providers assess the risk of diabetes-related complications and adjust treatment plans accordingly. Regular monitoring of HbA1c is crucial for individuals with diabetes.
Normal range is 6.0-7.0.
Transitional epithelium (also known as urothelium) is a type of tissue consisting of multiple layers of epithelial cells which can contract and expand. The flexibility is needed to function and protect the body
Someone who has diabetes or certain metabolic disorders needs to keep a careful balance between insulin and glucose in the bloodstream. If the blood sugar becomes low, the patient may experience hunger or nausea accompanied by an elevated heart rate, anxiety, and cold, clammy skin. If left unchecked, low blood glucose may cause the patient to become angry or confused; they may also have difficulty seeing clearly. Extreme hypoglycemia can cause unconsciousness, coma, or even death. Fortunately, the early stage of hypoglycemia is easily treated by eating a sugary food.