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What is a Challenge test for hypokalemic periodic paralysis?
With hypokalemic periodic paralysis an attack of weakness can be induced by administering glucose and insulin with exercise. These tests are potentially hazardous and require careful monitoring.
How do you describe periodic paralysis?
Periodic paralysis disorders are genetic disorders that affect muscle strength. There are two major forms, hypokalemic and hyperkalemic, each caused by defects in different genes.
How does the gene for hypokalemic periodic paralysis present?
The gene for hypokalemic PP is present equally in both sexes, but leads to noticeable symptoms more often in men than in women.
What sex is more at risk for hypokalemic periodic paralysis?
The gene for hypokalemic PP is present equally in both sexes, but leads to noticeable symptoms more often in men than in women.
What is the difference between hypokalemic and hyperkalemic periodic paralysis?
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is characterized by low levels of potassium in the blood during attacks, leading to muscle weakness or paralysis. In contrast, hyperkalemic periodic paralysis is characterized by high levels of potassium during episodes, resulting in muscle stiffness or weakness. Both conditions are genetic and involve dysfunction in ion channels that regulate potassium levels in muscle cells.
What are the different types of periodic paralysis?
There are two major forms, hypokalemic and hyperkalemic, each caused by defects in different genes.
What medications can help prevent hypokalemic periodic paralysis?
Hypokalemic PP attacks may be prevented with use of acetazolamide (or another carbonic anhydrase inhibitor drug) or a diuretic to help retain potassium in the bloodstream.
What is the average age of onset for hypokalemic periodic paralysis?
The attacks of weakness in hypokalemic PP usually begin in late childhood or early adolescence and often become less frequent during middle age. The majority of patients develop symptoms before age 16.
How may attacks of hypokalemic periodic paralysis be misinterpreted in childhood?
The symptoms of hypokalemic PP are often first seen during physical education classes or after-school sports, and may be mistaken for laziness, or lack of interest on the part of the child.
What is the method of treatment for hypokalemic periodic paralysis?
Severe respiratory weakness from hypokalemic PP may require intensive care to ensure adequate ventilation. Potassium chloride may be given by mouth or intravenously to normalize blood levels.
What does the normal gene responsible for hypokalemic periodic paralysis responsible for?
The normal gene is responsible for a muscle protein controlling the flow of calcium during muscle contraction.
What brings on the attacks of hypokalemic periodic paralysis?
Strenuous exercise followed by a short period of rest, large meals, emotional stress, alcohol use, infection, pregnancy.
