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A vaccine is basically made of a small amount of the disease-causing organism, either inert/inactive/in pieces or alive but attenuated (weakened so it can not make you sick), which is mixed in a liquid with ingredients for purity, for preservation, and for sterile injection (for shots).

How vaccines work:

They trigger an immune response so our body can make defenses against the infectious organism, so we are at the ready with antibodies if we are exposed to the full strength organism in the wild again.

Antibodies, small molecules that attach to the virus or bacterium infecting you, act by either tagging a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or by neutralizing its target directly (for example, by blocking a part of a microbe that is essential for its invasion and survival).

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13y ago

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