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IF-steels have a nearly complete fixation of all interstitial dissolved nitrogen and carbon atoms, i.e. neutralisation of N and C. The complete 'killing' of the steel is performed by the micro-alloying titanium and:or niobium. By this method, the N and C atoms are 'arrested' and all negative effects described by the 'Cottrell-Cloud' theory are very much reduced or even abolished: These are the upper- and lower-yield point (yield-point effect, discontinuous yielding), strain aging and blue brittleness.

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What does the medical term interstitial mean?

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