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Plaque forms on all surfaces of the teeth. It is a layer of bacteria. Often the part of the tooth closest to the gum isn't cleaned properly and the plaque stay there. It will continue to grow into a thick layer, while it consumes the carbohydrates (eg sugar, starch etc) and then makes acid. This acid can inflame the gums. Plaque can be removed using a toothbrush or floss. Mouthwash will not remove plaque.

Conversely, if plaque sits on teeth for too long in certain parts of the mouth with lots of saliva, that plaque can mineralise and become a cement-like layer called 'Calculus' or also known at 'Tartar'. This is a rough surface that harbours more plaque and can irritate the surrounding tissue. Calculus/Tartar cannot be removed with a toothbrush/floss. A dental professional will have to remove this build-up.

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