The medical term for crows feet is lateral canthal wrinkles, and is defined as "the wrinkles at the lateral or temperal side of the eye."Lateral canthal wrinkles are caused by the contraction of the lateral side of the orbital portion of the obicularis oculi (the obicularis oculi is the muscle that runs the circumference of the eye.) Wrinkles as a result of squinting or smiling referred to as dynamic lateral canthal wrinkles. These wrinkles are the result of in folding and pleating of the overlying skin which radiate away from the lateral canthus (the lateral canthus refers to either of the temporal corners of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids meet).These canthal winkles are perpendicular to the direction of the lateral muscle fibers and of the orbital portion of the obicularis oculi, which run mostly in a vertical direction around the lateral canthus. These type of wrinkles can be diminished through the use and injection of a neurotoxin (trade name Botox). Botox is also used clinically in small quantities to treat strabismus(the abnormal alignment of one or both eyes), facial spasms and other neurological disorders characterized by abnormal muscle contractions. However, in the majority of cases it is caused by environmental factors, e.g. sun damage. If this is the case, then the wrinkles will be apparent, regardless of the person's facial expressions. This type of wrinkle is referred to as a static, lateral canthal wrinkle.When the bulk of lateral canthal wrinkles are static, the wrinkles are commonly called crow's feet but more affectionately called laugh lines. The neurotoxin previously mentioned, (Botox) in this case, is less effective and only through resurfacing, soft tissue filler, or reinforcement at the Lateral Canthus might this help modify static wrinkles of the lateral canthus. Other more invasive procedures are: canthoplasty, tarsal strip resuspension, lateral canthal- plication, canthopexy, lateral retinacular suspension and inferior retinacular suspension.When crows feet are caused by hyperactivity(a condition characterized by restlessness of the lateral portion of the obicularis oculi); injections of Botox can play a significant role in reducing the wrinkles.
Dystopia - band - was created in 1991.
Dystopia - band - ended in 2008.
in the science fiction novel fahrenheit 451by Ray Bradburry, the main character Guy Montag lives in a dystopia of the future.
The Aftermath - Dystopia album - was created in 1999.
Dystopia - 2007 is rated/received certificates of: USA:G
Dystopia - 2010 was released on: USA: May 2010
Dystopia - Babes in Toyland album - was created in 1994.
Dystopia - 2004 was released on: USA: 10 July 2004 (limited)
The root word in "dystopia" is "dys," which comes from the Greek word meaning "bad" or "difficult."
The cast of Dystopia - 2001 includes: Louise Lind Rasmussen as Mother
Dystopia - Betty X album - was created on 2004-03-13.