Mild osteophytic encroachment on bilateral C3-C4 refers to the formation of small bone spurs (osteophytes) at the cervical spine levels C3 and C4, which can cause slight narrowing or encroachment of the space available for the spinal cord or nerve roots. This condition is often associated with degenerative changes in the spine, such as Arthritis, and may lead to symptoms like neck pain or stiffness. However, "mild" suggests that the encroachment is not severe and may not significantly impact spinal function. Regular monitoring and conservative management are typically recommended unless symptoms worsen.
small central disc protrusion at c3-4
The C3 and C4 are 3rd and 4th cervical vertebra. They touch each other toward the posterior surface at the facets. The term mild hypertrophy means that there is a little more than normal the amount of bone there. See link below:
An apple tree is a C3 plant, which means it uses the C3 photosynthetic pathway.
C3
Cocoa is neither a C3 or C4 plant. Though it tends to live in warmer climates, it does not fit into either category.
c3
Yes, eucalyptus is a C3 plant. C3 plants are the most common type of plants and they use the C3 carbon fixation pathway during photosynthesis.
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Wheat has evolved as a C3 plant because it naturally occurs in temperate regions of the world, where the temperature is mild. In areas of the world where the temperature is high, plants with metabolisms such as C4 and CAM begin to dominate, as C3 plants are less energy efficient at high temperatures. This is because rubisco, the key protein in fixing carbon dioxide in C3 plants, is induced to dissipate the products of photosynthesis by high temperatures (a process known as photorespiration). This is a wasteful procedure that can lead to net loss of carbon from the plant. However, as C4 and CAM mechanisms for carbon dioxide fixation also require more energy, C3 plants dominate in temperate regions (and make up the majority of plant life on Earth).
The diagnostic plug is in the glove compartment in C3
C3 is a relative cell reference.