Gain may not be exactly the right word but the standard transfer function is that 1 millivolt between electrodes causes a 10 mm deflection of the pen on the graph paper.
Some machines have selectable gains, these are on top of this transfer function and are not standard nor are they usually specified in any absolute scale. They are called things like "normal" and "high" which doesn't tell you much.
Amplifying a millivolt to produce a 1cm deflection is not really very hard. The hard part is digging the actual EKG signal out of all of the noise. There is sub-hz noise from patient motion, such as breathing, change of skin resistance from perspiration and/or evaporation, etc. There are myoelectric signals which are really difficult since the EKG is basically a myoelectric signal anyway. There is always a lot of line frequency (50/60 Hz) noise. Overall, bandwidth is around .05 to 150 Hz.
Yes, a V wave will be seen on a normal EKG tracing. A V wave can signal a lot of things in an EKG, but what it means will be up to the person reading the EKG and the person's reason for the EKG.
Close to normal, but not quite.
yes
To calculate the gain speed on an EKG, you typically assess the amplitude of the QRS complex or other waves by measuring the vertical height (in millimeters) of the waveform on the graph paper. Each small box on standard EKG paper represents 0.1 mV vertically, so if a QRS complex measures 10 mm in height, it corresponds to 1 mV. The gain speed can be adjusted on the EKG machine, often set at 10 mm/mV, but if the gain is altered, you must account for this when interpreting wave amplitudes. Always refer to the specific settings on the EKG machine for accurate calculations.
normal sinus rhythm
In atrial fibrillation (a-fib), the EKG strip will show irregular and rapid heartbeats with no distinct P waves, while a normal EKG strip will show regular and steady heartbeats with clear P waves before each QRS complex.
T waves
1 mV
100 beats per minute is considered the upper limit of normal.
Persistent posterobasal forces in an EKG has to do with how the heart directs electrical impulses around itself. You should discuss this with your cardiologist, however it is usually a normal variant.
The P wave represents atrial depolarization (they contract). In a normal EKG, the P-wave precedes the QRS complex. It looks like a small bump upwards from the baseline.
there is no such thing as normal gain in accountancy terms