Pelvocaliectasis is a medical condition characterized by the dilation or enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces, which are structures in the kidney that collect urine. This condition often results from an obstruction in the urinary tract, leading to the accumulation of urine and increased pressure in these areas. Pelvocaliectasis can be identified through imaging studies, such as ultrasound or CT scans, and may necessitate further evaluation to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.