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The principal muscles are the Thoracic_diaphragm, the External_intercostal_musclesand the intercondral part of the Internal_intercostal_muscles. Both the external intercostal muscles and the intercondral elevate the ribs, thus increasing the width of the thoracic cavity, while the diaphragm contracts to increase the vertical dimensions of the thoracic cavity, and also aids in the elevation of the lower ribs.

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