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A hiatal hernia is a weakness between the esophagus and stomach. In typical hiatal hernia, part of the top of the stomach sits alongside the esophagus in the chest (where it should not be). The person can have pain where the ribcage meets at the bottom.

In a sliding hiatal hernia, the stomach is pulled upward when the patient swallows, then drops back down the rest of the time. You can picture it like the esophagus is a rope pulling the stomach up during a swallow, then letting go and letting it slide back down.

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A short esophagus is typically associated with a sliding hiatal hernia (a-sliding hiatal hernia), rather than a rolling or paraesophageal hiatal hernia. In a sliding hiatal hernia, the gastroesophageal junction and a portion of the stomach slide up into the chest through the hiatus (an opening in the diaphragm). This type of hiatal hernia is more common and usually does not cause significant symptoms or complications. On the other hand, a rolling or paraesophageal hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach herniates through the hiatus and into the chest beside the esophagus, but the gastroesophageal junction remains in its normal position. This type of hiatal hernia is less common but may be associated with more significant symptoms and complications, such as gastric volvulus (twisting of the stomach) or strangulation of the herniated portion. In summary, a sliding hiatal hernia is typically associated with a short esophagus, while a rolling or paraesophageal hiatal hernia involves a different herniation pattern


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