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The tissue between the atria and ventricles are mainly valves (tricuspid valve between the right A and right V, and the bicuspid/mitral valve between the left A and left V).

The function of these valves is to prevent backflow of blood (back into the atria), when the muscles (papillary muscles) attached to the valves contract following diastole (which is the relaxation of the heart -simply put-).

When these valves close, systole (which is the contraction of the ventricles) occurs. If the valves are not shut during systole all the blood will not be guided towards the big vessels (pulmonary artery in the case of the right ventricle, and the aorta in the case of the left ventricle) as they are supposed to. Instead some blood will "regurgitate", meaning that it will flow back into the atrium where it came from. This regurgitation is a leading cause of congestive heart failure.

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