"Broken heart" is an adjective. It describes the noun "disease", telling you what kind of disease she died from.
Metaphor
In the sentence "The vase was broken," "broken" is functioning as an adjective. It describes the state of the vase.
Figure of speech is the use of word or phrase to interpret a certain idea. The second figure of speech means, continuing the same sentence or making a comparison with the idea in the previous sentence.
broken
The figure of speech is the phrase "off your hands".
metaphor
Yes, "It rained all night." is a complete sentence.
Metaphore
alliteration
The figure of speech used in the bold line "Life is a broken-winged bird" is a simile. A simile is a comparison between two unlike things using "like" or "as" to show similarity.
A synechdoche is used in this sentence. A synechdoche is a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa.
SIMILE