The hard surfce on the surface of a tooth is enamel.
Labial surface
Basically it is the outer layer of a tooth that can get broken down by grinding your teeth and chewing hard candies.
The hard surface of the tooth is made of enamel which is the hardest tissue in the human body. Tooth enamel has no living cells so unlike a broken or fractured bone the body has no way to repair chipped/cracked enamel.
The surface of the tooth that normally contacts the tooth immediately anterior to it in the dental arch is called the "mesial" surface. This surface faces the midline of the dental arch and is key in maintaining proper alignment and function of the teeth. In contrast, the surface that faces away from the midline is referred to as the "distal" surface.
The surface of the tooth farthest from the midline is called the distal surface. It is the side of the tooth that is oriented away from the center of the dental arch, opposite to the mesial surface, which is closest to the midline. This terminology is used in dentistry to describe tooth positions and surfaces for better communication and treatment planning.
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The root of a healthy tooth has an outside surface called cementum.
The cavity present in a tooth is called dental caries or tooth decay. It occurs when the hard surface of the tooth is damaged by acids produced by bacteria that feed on sugars and starches in the mouth. If left untreated, cavities can lead to pain, infection, and even tooth loss. Regular dental hygiene practices can help prevent the formation of cavities.
Dentine
The ouside of the tooth is called the Enamel
The surface of the tooth that faces the tongue is called the lingual surface. It is the inner surface of the teeth, particularly in the lower jaw, and is important for functions such as chewing and speaking. The lingual surface can vary in shape and contour depending on the type of tooth (incisor, canine, premolar, or molar). Proper care of this surface is essential for overall oral health.
It is one of the 4 components of the mammalian tooth and is to be found just beneath the hard enamel outer layer or in ridges between ridges of hard enamel. Being softer than the enamel, in herbivores (like the elephant) the dentine wears away faster ensuring that the roughness of the tooth surface is maintained as the tooth itself wears away. In omnivores and carnivores, it mechanically supports the enamel surface and protects the tooth pulp and nerves.