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It depends on the type of cell we're talking about. I'm going to use the assumption that you mean blood cells when you ask about the circulatory system cells (as opposed to the cells that make up the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries). Blood is made up of 4 major components: Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, Platelets, and Plasma.

Plasma is the vast majority of blood and it's basically salt water that your cells float in and that carry nutrients and wastes through the body. Platelets are generally referred to as "cell fragments" that release thread-like proteins to help stop bleeding.

Red blood cells have one primary role: Carry oxygen. That's it.

"White blood cells" are a collection of many different types of cells that collectively work towards fighting infections. Some (macrophages) actually engulf and eat invading cells! Plasma cells create antibodies for remembering how to fight certain infections. Killer T-cells chemically attack infected cells. There are actually quite a few more. In all, there are 7 main types of cells (T-cells, B-cells, memory cells and plasma cells are actually subsets of the lymphocyte group).

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