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The word itself means: a gutter.

Cholera is a severe bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which primarily affects the small intestine and the main symptoms include production of profuse watery diarrhea and vomiting. Transmission is primarily by the acquisition of the pathogen through contaminated drinking water or infected food. The severity of the diarrhea and associated vomiting can lead to rapid dehydration (hypohydration) and electrolyte loss. If these are not replaced then death may follow.

Aside from continuing to be a major cause of death in the world, study of cholera has been used as an example of early epidemiology. Study of the V. cholerae bacterium has also shed light on many of the mechanisms used by bacteria to infect and survive in their hosts.

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