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The cause of Breast cancer is not fully understood.

Heredity or genetically related susceptibility is considered to play a role. Hormonal regulation of the breast is related to the development of breast cancer, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Sex hormones (like estrogen) may act as a tumour promoters id initiating agents have induced malignant changes. Estrogen doesn't cause Breast Cancer, but the initiating agents that are found in a susceptible person may accelerate its growth.

Additional factor under study include physical inactivity, dietary fat intake, obesity, and alcohol intake. Environmental factors such as chemical, pesticide, and radiation exposure may also play a role.

Gene abnormalities may be inherited. 5 to 10 percent of all breast cancer persons inherit this gene. Tumour suppressor genes BRCA-1 gene, located in chromosome 17 is a tumour suppressor gene that inhibits tumor development when functioning normally. Women who have BRCA-1 mutations have a 50-85 percent lifetime chance of developing breast cancer. BRCA-2 is another culprit. BRCA tumor suppressor genes mutations may account for 10-40 percent of breast cancers.

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