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Normally at sea level, atmospheric pressure equals pulmonary pressure.

As we move towards high altitudes, the atmospheric pressure decreases.

Hence we need to put some effort for respiration at high altitudes.

As altitude increases that oxygen content in the air decreases. In the lunges there is a reflex that guides blood flow to lung areas taht are ventilated. When the oxygen content is reduced more small blood vessels are closed due to this reflex. This results in increased blodpressure in the lung vessels. The higher the pressure the more fluid is pressed (filtered) out, and this results in lung edema or water in the lungs.

Slow ascent allows for the lungs to adapt, to some extent, to a lower oxygen content, which is why slow ascent is favourable.

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