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Fetuses possess a different type of haemoglobin to their mothers - HbF rather than HbA. The purpose of this is to allow the developing infant to 'steal' oxygen from it's mother. This normally has no adverse effects on the pregnant woman other than perhaps feeling a little breathless after mild exercise.

HbF has what is described as a 'greater affinity for oxygen' and a 'lower affinity for carbon dioxide' to HbA. This allows the fetus to load oxygen and unload carbon dioxide with more ease than the mother, and so ensuring survival.

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