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Color blindness is primarily caused by mutations in the genes responsible for producing photopigments in the cones of the retina, particularly the genes for red and green photopigments located on the X chromosome. The most common type of mutation is a point mutation, which can lead to the absence or alteration of these photopigments, affecting the ability to perceive certain colors. Since these genes are located on the X chromosome, color blindness is more prevalent in males, who have only one X chromosome.

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1mo ago

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