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The autonomic system, or autonomic nervous system (ANS), is a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary bodily functions, such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. It consists of three main parts: the sympathetic nervous system, which prepares the body for stress or emergencies; the parasympathetic nervous system, which promotes relaxation and recovery; and the enteric nervous system, which governs gastrointestinal functions. The ANS operates unconsciously, ensuring that essential physiological processes occur without conscious effort.

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