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The mucosa of the alimentary canal consists of three layers: the epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. The epithelium is the innermost layer, which varies in type throughout the canal, providing protection and aiding in absorption and secretion. The lamina propria is a connective tissue layer that supports the epithelium and contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and immune cells. The muscularis mucosae is a thin layer of smooth muscle that helps facilitate local movements of the mucosa.

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