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The respiratory system responds to changes primarily at the levels of the lungs, alveoli, and the central nervous system. Chemoreceptors in the brainstem and peripheral arteries detect changes in carbon dioxide and oxygen levels, triggering adjustments in breathing rate and depth. Additionally, the alveoli respond to changes in gas concentrations by facilitating gas exchange, while the lungs can adjust airflow and resistance through bronchoconstriction or bronchodilation. Together, these mechanisms help maintain homeostasis in the body's respiratory function.

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