It is urine's specific gravity that measures the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine in relation to plasma.
The ability to concentrate urine depends on the functions of the kidneys, specifically the nephrons. Nephrons filter blood and reabsorb necessary substances while secreting wastes. Hormones like antidiuretic hormone (ADH) also play a role in regulating water reabsorption in the kidneys, which affects urine concentration.
The urethra
Renal failure is the loss of function of the kidneys.
A bird's kidneys function to filter waste products from the blood and concentrate them into the urinary waste to preserve water in the body.
Chronic kidney (renal) failure.
Chronic kidney (renal) failure.
Specific gravity
The hormone essential for maintaining fluid levels in the body is antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin. ADH is produced in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary gland, regulating water balance by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys. This helps to concentrate urine and maintain proper hydration and blood pressure levels. When fluid levels are low, ADH release increases, signaling the kidneys to retain more water.
Urine concentration can be measured using a urine specific gravity test or a urine osmolality test. These tests help to assess the amount of solutes in the urine, which reflects the kidneys' ability to concentrate urine. High concentration levels may indicate dehydration, while low levels may suggest overhydration or kidney issues.
Hypotonic urine refers to urine with a lower concentration of solutes compared to the blood plasma. This means that there is a higher water content in the urine relative to the solute concentration. It can be a result of various conditions affecting the kidneys' ability to concentrate urine effectively.
Long loops of Henle are typically associated with the kidneys of animals that inhabit arid environments. These extended loops enhance the ability to concentrate urine, allowing for greater water reabsorption and conservation. As a result, species with longer loops of Henle can better survive in conditions where water is scarce, making them more efficient in maintaining fluid balance.
Ptosis in relation to the kidnery, is when the fatty material surrounding the kidneys is reduced or too meager in amount, the kidneys are less securely anchored to the body wall and may drop to a lower or more inferior position in the abdominal cavity.