Antigens
When the human body mobilizes its defenses against a pathogen, it recognizes the pathogen by identifying specific molecules on its surface called antigens. The immune system then mounts a response by producing antibodies that target and neutralize the pathogen, as well as activating immune cells to attack and destroy the pathogen. This orchestrated immune response is crucial for fighting off infections and maintaining health.
Innate is a broad general response against any pathogen. It is very quick response but it is limited in how well it can defend your body. It is absolutely necessary to have a functioning innate immunity or your adaptive immunity will not be able to respond efficiently. Adaptive has a very specific response against a pathogen. On first exposure it may time several weeks to acquire the appropriate defenses, however, on secondary exposure it is a very quick response. It has long term memory so you are protected for a long time against that same pathogen.
To provide an accurate response, I would need more context about the specific situation or text involving Higgins. If you could provide details about the scenario or the characters involved, I would be happy to help explain what provokes his response.
Innate defenses refer to the body's natural, non-specific immune response mechanisms that act quickly to defend against pathogens without prior exposure or memory of the specific invader. These defenses include physical barriers, such as the skin and mucous membranes, as well as cellular components like white blood cells and inflammation. Innate defenses provide an immediate first line of defense against infections.
The simplest behavior where a stimulus provokes an atomic response is a reflex. This is an involuntary, automatic response to a stimulus without conscious thought. For example, when your hand touches a hot surface, your reflex action is to pull your hand away immediately.
A response to adapt to a situation...for example fear could create an adaptive response to "fight or flee", or could paralyze the person into inaction.
adaptive immune response
True
Humoral
Plants have physical defenses such as thorns and trichomes, chemical defenses like toxins and repellents, and also inducible defenses that are activated in response to herbivore attack.
A stimuli or stimulus is a change in an organisms surroundings that provokes a response from the organism.
1) Adaptive Multi-Rate 2) American Medical Response