The reflex that is centered in the brain and involves cranial nerves is the cranial reflex. An example of this is the pupillary light reflex, where light exposure causes the pupils to constrict. This reflex involves the optic nerve (Cranial Nerve II) for sensing light and the oculomotor nerve (Cranial Nerve III) for pupil constriction. The processing occurs in the brainstem, illustrating the integration of sensory and motor functions.
A cranial reflex is one that is controlled by one of the cranial nerves and tend to take place in the facial or head area. These can include reflexes like the constriction of the pupils in response to light, etc. A spinal reflex, on the other hand, is a reflex that involves only the spinal nerves and is not processed by the brain. An example is the patellar reflex, like when the doctor hits your knee and it reflexively moves. Hope this helps! :)
It is the 7th cranial nerve (facial nerve).
The two cranial nerves that must be functional for the pupillary light reflex to occur are cranial nerve II (optic nerve) for the afferent pathway (carrying the visual information from the retina to the brain) and cranial nerve III (oculomotor nerve) for the efferent pathway (carrying the motor response to constrict the pupil).
A cranial reflex is a fast, involuntary response to a stimulus. It uses the brain stem as an integrating center (the brain receives sensory information and generates a response). This is contrasted to a spinal reflex, when the response is generated in the spinal cord itself, and the brain only finds out a reflex has occurred after the fact.An example of a cranial reflex would be the tracking movements of your eyes as you are reading this sentence. The dilation and contraction of your pupils in response to different levels of light is another cranial reflex.--------------An example of a spinal reflex would be standing on a pin or touching a hot object.
There are two major differences between the dura of the brain and the dura of the cord. The dura of the brain consists of two layers; the periosteal layer is attached directly to the inner surface of the skull and the meningeal layer is deep to the periosteal layer. In places, the two layers are fused together; in other places, dural sinuses lie between the two layers. There is no epidural space associated with the brain
If the light is shining directly into one eye, then the pupil in that eye will constrict (a direct response), but so will the pupil in the non-illuminated eye (a consensual response). This reflex involves two cranial nerves: the optic nerve, which senses the light, and the oculomotor nerve, which constricts both pupils.
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for controlling the pupillary reflex. The parasympathetic nerves, specifically the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III), cause constriction of the pupils in response to light.
This is the palpebral reflex and tests the function of cranial nerves V and VII. Absence of a palpebral reflex indicates an adequate plane of anesthesia for most surgical procedures.
The constriction of pupils in response to bright light is called the pupillary light reflex. If the light is shining directly into one eye, then the pupil in that eye will constrict (a direct response), but so will the pupil in the non-illuminated eye (a consensual response).This reflex involves two cranial nerves: the optic nerve, which senses the light, and the oculomotor nerve, which constricts both pupils. It is considered involuntary since you don't think about it.
The statement "The patellar knee jerk reflex is controlled by the brain" is not correct. The patellar knee jerk reflex is actually a spinal reflex, meaning it does not involve the brain in its initial response.
The oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III) is responsible for the reflex constriction of the pupil in response to light and accommodation.
The pupil reflex, specifically the pupillary light reflex, involves coordination between the optic nerve (cranial nerve II) and the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III). When light is shone in one eye, the optic nerve transmits signals to the brain, which then sends motor signals through the oculomotor nerve to constrict the pupil of both the illuminated eye and the other eye (consensual reflex). This reflex helps regulate the amount of light entering the eye and protects the retina from excessive illumination.