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The HIV antibody test - which is the test commonly used for routine diagnostic testing of HIV in adults - tests for HIV antibodies .. rather than any antigen. Most people will develop detectable antibodies within two to six weeks of infection, although some seroconvert later (99% will have detectable antibodies within three months of HIV infection).
The p24 antigen test (which is not routinely used) detects the presence of the p24 protein of HIV. Nucleic-acid-based tests detect a 142-base target sequence located in a highly conserved region of the HIV gag gene. The Quantiplex bDNA (branched DNA) test and the RT-PCR test use oligonucleotides (short sequences of nucleotides) to bind to the viral RNA. The Western blot procedure uses human interpretation of viral bands to establish which HIV proteins a person has antibodies to.

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