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Nervous impulses are sped up primarily by the myelin sheath, a fatty insulating layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. This myelination allows impulses to jump between gaps in the sheath, known as nodes of Ranvier, through a process called saltatory conduction. Additionally, the diameter of the axon plays a role, as larger diameters can conduct impulses more quickly due to reduced resistance. Overall, both myelination and axon diameter are key factors in increasing the speed of nerve transmission.

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6d ago

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