nitric oxide
Yes..
No, the adjustment of blood flow to each tissue in proportion to its requirements at any point in time is termed tissue autoregulation. Autoregulation refers to the ability of an organ or tissue to regulate its own blood flow independent of systemic factors.
Ventilation perfusion coupling is the amount of gas reaching alveoli & blood flow in pulmonary capillaries; local autoregulation.
autoregulation
vasodilation
One example of autoregulation is the ability of the body to maintain a constant blood pressure by adjusting the diameter of blood vessels in response to changes in pressure. When blood pressure is too high, vessels will constrict to reduce blood flow, and when it is too low, vessels will dilate to increase blood flow, helping to maintain a steady pressure.
Autoregulation is a specific form of homeostasis used to describe the tendency of the body to keep blood flow constant when blood pressure varies.[1]. While most systems of the body show some degree of autoregulation, it is most clearly observed in the kidney, the heart, and the brain.[2] Perfusion of these organs (especially the latter two) is essential for life, and through autoregulation the body can divert blood (and thus, oxygen) where it is most needed. One key component of autoregulation is the absence of central control. The "auto" in autoregulation refers to the ability of the organ to maintain a stable flow without the involvement of the autonomic nervous system.
The primary regulator of blood flow to the brain is cerebral autoregulation, which helps to maintain a relatively constant blood flow despite changes in blood pressure. This mechanism ensures that the brain receives a consistent supply of oxygen and nutrients, maintaining its function even during fluctuations in systemic blood pressure.
The myogenic mechanism occurs whenstretching triggers contraction of smooth muscles in the wall of arterioles to normalize blood flow and GFR (glomerular filtration rate) by increasing or decreasing blood pressure. N.B. i rephrased the concept a little bit.source: principle of A&P by Tortora & Derrickson
Adequate renal blood flow is maintained by the autoregulation of the afferent and efferent arterioles in the kidneys, which adjust their diameter to maintain a stable renal blood flow across a range of blood pressures. Hormonal regulation, such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and release of vasodilatory prostaglandins also play a role in regulating renal blood flow. Additionally, the sympathetic nervous system can adjust renal blood flow through vasoconstriction of renal arterioles during times of stress or low blood pressure.
Cerebral blood flow is regulated by a combination of factors including blood pressure, carbon dioxide levels, neural activity, and metabolic demands of brain tissue. Specialized structures in the brain called the blood-brain barrier and autoregulation mechanisms help maintain a consistent blood flow to meet the brain's energy and oxygen requirements.
Yes, cerebral blood flow is regulated by intrinsic autoregulatory mechanisms in the brain. These mechanisms ensure a relatively constant blood supply to meet the brain's metabolic demands, even when there are fluctuations in systemic blood pressure. Autoregulation helps to maintain stable oxygen and glucose delivery to the brain, supporting its constant function.