rugae and transitional epithelium
Rugae are actually folds in the mucosa of the stomach and urinary bladder, not the kidney. Rugae in the stomach help with its expansion when it is full, while rugae in the bladder allow for stretching as it fills with urine.
You not allow patient leave with catheter in bladder.
urinary retention is when the urinary bladder is unable to empty. This can be due to either an acute or chronic condition. The bladder muscle gets stretched beyond the point of having enough strength to contract and allow the bladder to empty. Sometimes common medications contribute to the problem.
The ureters allow urine to pass into the bladder, the urethra allows urine to pass into the urinary canal.
The trigone is a triangular area in the bladder where the ureters and urethra connect. It is located in the base of the bladder and is made up of smooth muscle that does not expand like the rest of the bladder. The trigone helps maintain the shape and support the function of the bladder.
It has elastic walls to allow it to fill and muscles to help it to empty.
The bladder needs to be a muscular sac to store and effectively expel urine. The muscles in the bladder wall contract to push urine out of the body during urination, and they also relax to allow the bladder to stretch as it fills with urine.
There may be bacteria in or around the urethra but they normally cannot enter the bladder. A catheter can pick up bacteria from the urethra and allow them into the bladder, causing an infection to start
The urinary bladder is surrounded by the detrusor muscle, which contracts to allow urine to leave the bladder. It is also surrounded by connective tissue and fat that provide support and protection. Additionally, the bladder is lined with a mucous membrane called the urothelium, which helps to prevent infection and regulate the passage of urine.
Bacteria can enter the bladder and ureters through the urethra, which is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. This can happen through activities like sexual intercourse or improper hygiene practices that allow bacteria to travel up the urethra and infect the urinary tract.
The brain stem is responsible for regulating the urinary system by controlling functions like urination and bladder control. It sends signals to the bladder muscles when it's time to urinate and also relaxes the muscles in the urethra to allow urine to pass.
The urinary bladder responds to feeling "full" and signals in the brain allow urination to occur. Therefore, the majority of women will not have the urge to urinate until the bladder is sufficiently "full". About the only reason people should not attempt to urinate frequently is that the bladder's sensory mechanisms may begin to reduce the total volume the bladder can hold. But generally, it is okay to urinate every few hours. Older women or those who have had pregnancies may need to use a 2-hour bladder retraining program to reduce the risk of urinary incontinence.