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Most of the gastrointestinal tract - including the large intestine - is made of the same tissue types. Imagine the intestine as a hollow tube made up of three distinct layers; starting from the inside out, they are called:

  • The mucosa: the innermost surface of the mucosa consists of a single layer of epithelial cells with a basal membrane of connective tissue supplied by blood and lymph vessels, and finally a narrow band of smooth muscle.
  • The submucosa: a loose matrix of connective tissue containing blood and lymph vessels, and the ganglia of enteric neurons.
  • The muscularis externa: two layers of smooth muscle running at right angles to one another; the inner layer encircles the wall of the intestine, and the outer layer runs lengthways.
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