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Kidney failure, also known as chronic kidney failure, is a medical condition that causes the kidneys to lose the majority of their capacity to remove waste and excess water from the body by filtering the blood.

It may result in complications like:

  • Fluid retention and edema: swelling in legs, feet, and ankles.
  • Hypertension: elevated blood pressure, which can damage the kidneys even more and cause other serious consequences.
  • Anemia: symptoms include tiredness and shortness of breath.
  • Electrolyte and acid-base disturbances: high levels of potassium in the blood.
  • Mineral and bone disorders: can make bones fragile and damage blood vessels.
  • Heart and blood vessel problems: increase in the risk of a heart attack and stroke.
  • Toxins-related symptoms: such as nausea, itching, poor appetite, muscle weakness, difficulty concentrating, or confusion due to advanced kidney failure.

Depending on the degree of kidney function decline, the options of treatment may be hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, kidney transplantation, and conservative treatment of the kidneys.

Notably, not all cases of chronic kidney disease develop into kidney failure. Early diagnosis and proper control of the underlying conditions, including Diabetes and hypertension, will prevent further kidney function loss.

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