The very first virus discovered was in 1892 by Dmitri Iwanowsk. While studying mosaic tobacco disease, he found that the agent causing the disease was small enough for pass though ceramic filter that are small enough to trap all bacteria. This was not called a virus at the time.
Scientists do not know how many viruses there are because new ones are constantly being made from old ones joining.
Scientists first learned about reproduction in viruses by studying the bacteriophage, a virus that infects bacteria. The bacteriophage lifecycle involves attachment, penetration, replication, and release of new viral particles, providing insight into how viruses replicate. This research has been pivotal in understanding the mechanisms of viral reproduction and in developing antiviral strategies.
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Scientists began to study viruses because they had found a factor that was smaller than bacteria but could still cause diseases. This factor came to be known as a virus. At that time, they didn't have the technology to see viruses. But they wanted to know if viruses were very small cells or simply non-living groups of molecules.
There are an estimated 320,000 mammalian viruses alone, and this number is constantly growing as new viruses are discovered. Viruses are diverse, constantly evolving, and have the ability to jump between different host species, making it challenging for scientists to accurately count and categorize all virus species. Additionally, many viruses remain undiscovered in the natural world.
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Some scientists are hoping that viruses can be modified to undo damage by other viruses, but there is no actual working "damage control" virus available as of July of 2013. Many scientists are concerned that even the good virus might have unwanted side effects.
Viruses can be named based on the first host cell that is found infected by the virus and the type of damage caused. Viruses can also be named based upon where they are first discovered geographically (e.g. Semliki Forest Virus, West Nile Virus), for the disease with which they are associated (e.g. Bovine Diarrhea Virus), or they may be given a name that has meaning in the language of the first people afflicted with the virus (e.g. Onyonyong Virus). The naming conventions for viruses are actually quite complicated, and have only recently begun to be simplified by a taxonomy that is based upon the type of nucleic acid, structure of the virion, and replication scheme.Because viruses are not considered organisms, scientists do not use traditional binomial nomenclature to name them. Currently, scientists name viruses in a variety of ways. Some viruses, such as the polio virus, are named after they disease they cause. Other viruses are named for the organisms they infect. The tobacco mosaic virus, for example, infects plants in the tobacco family. Scientists named the west nile virus after the place in Africa where it was first found. Sometimes, scientists name viruses after people. The Epstein-Barr virus, for example was named for the two scientists who first identified the virus that causes the disease known as mononucleosis, or mono.So here's the ways.1. Named after the disease they cause2. Named for the organisms they infect3. Named after the place where it was first found4. Named after peopleCREDITS TO: NORTH CAROLINA 8TH GRADE PRENTICE HALL SCIENCE EXPLORER