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Most psychologist theorize that multiple personalities arise as a mechanism to protect the "real" personality from harm. Following from this theory, they assume that further multiples, which they dub 'alters', usually manifest during periods of stress. They believe these personalities to be limited, even archtypal, and to switch between personalities on triggers [either circumstantial events or certain triggering emotions], or at the command of the host [the 'original' person].

Other theories of note:

'Natural multiplicity', also known as 'healthy multiplicity': The individuals sharing a body do not arise out of any stress or trauma [though they may experience trauma at the same incidence as any other non-multiple individual]. Rather, all identities arise naturally. Different multiple systems may have completely different systems for switching primary control between members - some may even spend most of their time 'sharing' between one or more members. [Sharing is when two or more people are controlling the body, or taking control of different parts of the body, at the same time]. Some systems may appoint a member [not nescessarily the first or original member] to manage fronting [primary control] and sharing. Others may switch at each members will. Others might have an organized system of tasks at which each member automatically fronts, and then decide the rest democratically. There are countless ways multiple systems dole out how the body will be 'shared' or when a change in primary control will be conducted.

'Socially Induced Multiplicity': A limited form of multiplicity which can occur when a person mimics multiplicity or dissosociative Identity disorder on exposure to DID or other multiples. This is rarely done on purpose. The fragment personalities 'dissapear' when no longer for social interaction or social attention.

'Demonic possesion': While rare, demonic possesion can mimic multiple personality.

'Walk-Ins': The theory that multiples are outside souls, ghosts, demons, or other beings who 'wandered in' and took up residence.

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