Lymph Nodes
Bacteria and dead cells are removed from the circulatory fluid by the spleen and the liver. The spleen acts as a filter, trapping and destroying pathogens and old or damaged blood cells. The liver also contributes to this process by filtering out toxins and waste products from the blood.
THE cells
Organisms with a closed circulatory system are likely to have a circulating body fluid distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body's cells. In a closed circulatory system, the blood is contained within vessels and separate from the interstitial fluid that surrounds the cells. This system allows for more efficient nutrient and waste exchange.
Lymphatic circulatory
a closed circulatory system
Bacteria and dead cells are removed from lymph within lymph nodes, which are small bean-shaped structures located along the lymphatic vessels. Lymph nodes contain immune cells that help filter and eliminate these harmful substances from the lymph fluid before it is returned to the blood circulation.
diffusion using capillaries and tissue fluid
specialized cells called macrophages. These cells engulf and digest bacteria, debris, and other foreign particles present in the lymphatic fluid as it passes through lymph nodes. This process helps to protect the body from infections and maintain the integrity of the immune system.
Blood is the fluid portion of the circulatory system.
The fluid here is a complex dynamic sollution of salts and proteins in water. This fluid is called plasma.
The circulatory system helps maintain homeostasis by regulating body temperature, pH levels, and fluid balance. It transports nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste products throughout the body to ensure cells receive what they need and waste is removed. The smooth functioning of the circulatory system helps maintain overall balance and health in the body.
Approximately 10% of the interstitial fluid that is not reabsorbed directly into the circulatory system becomes lymph. The majority, about 90%, is reabsorbed into the capillaries. Lymph is formed when interstitial fluid enters lymphatic vessels, which help maintain fluid balance and transport immune cells.