Lymph Nodes
Bacteria and dead cells are removed from the circulatory fluid by the spleen and the liver. The spleen acts as a filter, trapping and destroying pathogens and old or damaged blood cells. The liver also contributes to this process by filtering out toxins and waste products from the blood.
THE cells
Organisms with a closed circulatory system are likely to have a circulating body fluid distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body's cells. In a closed circulatory system, the blood is contained within vessels and separate from the interstitial fluid that surrounds the cells. This system allows for more efficient nutrient and waste exchange.
Lymphatic circulatory
a closed circulatory system
Bacteria and dead cells are removed from lymph within lymph nodes, which are small bean-shaped structures located along the lymphatic vessels. Lymph nodes contain immune cells that help filter and eliminate these harmful substances from the lymph fluid before it is returned to the blood circulation.
diffusion using capillaries and tissue fluid
Blood is the fluid portion of the circulatory system.
specialized cells called macrophages. These cells engulf and digest bacteria, debris, and other foreign particles present in the lymphatic fluid as it passes through lymph nodes. This process helps to protect the body from infections and maintain the integrity of the immune system.
The fluid here is a complex dynamic sollution of salts and proteins in water. This fluid is called plasma.
The circulatory system helps maintain homeostasis by regulating body temperature, pH levels, and fluid balance. It transports nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste products throughout the body to ensure cells receive what they need and waste is removed. The smooth functioning of the circulatory system helps maintain overall balance and health in the body.
You have five litres of blood in your circulatory system. It contains 3 litres of fluid and 2 litres of cells, including red blood cells. It is the dynamic system. From the proximal end of the capillaries fluid is leaked out to interstitial compartment. The same amount of fluid comes back through the distal end of the capillaries. This interstitial fluid comes in close contact with each and every body cell, that is living. You have 11 litres of interstitial fluid in your body. Little in talked about this fluid, which does the important job of supplying the oxygen and nutrients to the cells. On way back to the circulatory system ,this fluid takes back the carbon bi oxide and waste products of metabolism.