in the plasma
The cold agglutinins test is used to confirm the diagnosis of certain diseases that stimulate the body to produce cold agglutinins
Both found in blood and both part of the immune system.
The febrile agglutinins test is used to confirm the diagonsis of certain infectious diseases that stimulate the body to produce febrile agglutinins.
The results of the cold agglutinins test require a doctor's interpretation. In general, however, a normal value is lower than 1:32.
As they are type of antibody they are known as securitygaurd
disease most commonly diagnosed by this test is mycoplasmal pneumonia, but mononucleosis, mumps, measles, scarlet fever, some parasitic infections, cirrhosis of the liver, and some types of hemolytic anemia can also cause the formation of cold agglutinins
There is a bedside version of the test in which the doctor collects four or five drops of blood in a small tube, cools the tube in ice water for 30-60 seconds, and looks for clumping of red blood cells.
Fever evaluation tests, better known as febrile agglutinins tests, are performed to detect the presence of antibodies in the blood that are sensitive to temperature changes.
Any value higher than 1:32 suggests a diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia or one of the other viral infections or disease conditions indicated by this test.
When the immune system cause cross linking of cells or particles an agglutination reaction occurs and the responsible antibody is an agglutininAgglutinogens are1. any substance that, acting as an antigen, stimulates the production of agglutinin.2. the particulate antigen used in conducting agglutination tests.
There are four types of antibodies that aid in immunity. The Lysins bind the antigens therefore causing them to disintegrate. The Agglutinins bind the antigens causing the micro-organisms to clump together. The Antitoxins bind the toxins therefore making them harmless to the body. The Opsonins bind the antigens on the outer surface.
O negative blood group is universal donor, it is bcz it haz no agglutinogen (antigens which r specific proteins on the surface of RBCs), so when transfused there will be no agglutinogen in it to react with agglutinins(defencive prteins /antibodies) present in the recipients blood. O (oh) is actually zero that indicates that no antigens are present on RBC surface.