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Storing and freezing biological tissues at very low temperatures is called cryopreservation.

The semen is mixed with a special liquid called a "cryopreservation medium" before it can be frozen, which helps the sperm survive the damaging process of being frozen and then thawed before use.

The mixture is then put into one or more containers (vials or straws) before being stored in liquid nitrogen, or in the vapour from liquid nitrogen. Storage temperatures range between about -150*C to -196*C.

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