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The spine, or vertebral column, originates from the embryonic notochord, which is a rod-like structure formed during early development. As the embryo develops, the notochord is replaced by the vertebrae, which are the individual bones that make up the spine. The spine extends from the base of the skull to the pelvis, providing structural support and protecting the spinal cord. It consists of 33 vertebrae arranged in five regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.

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