Which identify spaces that are roughly PERPENDICULAR in the human brain?

Answer 1

In the human brain, spaces that are roughly perpendicular include the orientation of the cerebral cortex layers relative to the brain's surface and the alignment of the axons in white matter tracts. For example, the cortical columns in the neocortex are oriented vertically (perpendicular to the surface), while the white matter pathways, such as the corpus callosum, run horizontally. Additionally, the orientation of the hippocampal formation can also be considered, as it exhibits a perpendicular relationship with the surrounding structures. These spatial orientations are crucial for the efficient processing and transmission of neural signals.