The right and left Atrium
The walls of the upper chambers are thinner than those of the lower chambers. The upper chambers don't need to generate as much pumping force as the ventricles.
CHAMBERS?
inter ventricular septum
The arterial walls are thicker because they need to withstand the pressure coming from the heart.
Cardiac / Myogenic
Atrium
Because the net weight of the fluid in the blood is bigger, because the bigger size of the lower chambers (ventricles) allows more blood to accumulate in there, thus causing the need for thicker walls
The atria are the chambers of the heart that have thin walls and receive the blood returning to the heart from the body (right atrium) and the lungs (left atrium). They act as collecting chambers and help in pumping blood into the ventricles.
The lower two chambers of the heart are the ventricles. The left ventricle is larger, with thicker walls, than the right ventricle.
Frogs have hearts that are 3 chambers. The ventricle has a thick wall and the two atria have thin walls.
Some terminology first: The upper chambers = atria (singular atrium) The lower chambers = ventricles The atria are responsible for receiving blood: the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. The atria only pump this blood into the ventricles and therefore do not need particularly thick muscular walls. The ventricles on the other hand are responsible for pumping the blood received from the atria to the body. The right ventricle pumps the deoxygenated blood it receives from the right atrium out of the heart and into the lungs. On the other hand, the left ventricle is responsible for pumping the oxygenated blood received by the left atrium to the rest of the body. It is because of the this that the walls on the side of left ventricle are the thickest. The left ventricle requires "more muscle" than the right ventricle as the distance it has to pump the blood is far greater. So, SHORT ANSWER: The walls of the lower chambers/ventricles are thicker and more muscular than the walls of the upper chambers/atria because they have to pump blood out of the heart and to the body as opposed to the atria which only receive blood from the body and then pump into the ventricles.
Much thinner.