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What gender has a greater genetic risk for hyperkalemic periodic paralysis?
The gene for hyperkalemic PP affects virtually all who inherit it, with no difference in male-vs.-female expression.
What sex is more at risk for hypokalemic periodic paralysis?
The gene for hypokalemic PP is present equally in both sexes, but leads to noticeable symptoms more often in men than in women.
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis?
DefinitionThyrotoxic periodic paralysis is a condition in which there are episodes of muscle weakness in people with high levels of thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis).Alternative NamesPeriodic paralysis - thyrotoxicCauses, incidence, and risk factorsThyrotoxic periodic paralysis is a rare condition that occurs only in people with high thyroid hormone levels (thyrotoxicosis). It is seen most commonly in Asian men.There is a similar disorder, hypokalemic periodic paralysis (familial periodic paralysis). This is an inherited condition and does not have high thyroid levels.Risk factors include a family history of periodic paralysis and hyperthyroidism.SymptomsThyrotoxic periodic paralysis involves attacks of muscle weakness or paralysis alternating with periods of normal muscle function. Attacks usually begin after symptoms of hyperthyroidism have developed.The frequency of attacks varies from daily to yearly. Episodes of muscle weakness may last for a few hours or several days.Symptoms include:Difficulty breathing (rare)Speech difficulty (rare)Swallowing difficulty (rare)Vision changes (rare)Weakness/paralysis Comes and goesLasts for up to several daysMore common in legs than armsMost common in shoulders and hipsTriggered by heavy, high-carbohydrate, high-salt mealsTriggered by rest after exercisePeople are alert during attacks. Normal strength returns between attacks.Symptoms of hyperthyroidism:Excessive sweating (diaphoresis)Fast heart rateFatigueHeadacheHeat intoleranceIncreased appetiteInsomniaSensation of feeling the heart beat (palpitations)Skin changes: moist, warm, thin, pale (occasionally)TremorsWeight lossSigns and testsThe health care provider may suspect thyrotoxic periodic paralysis based on:Abnormal thyroid hormone levelsA family history of the disorderLow potassium levels during attacksSymptoms that come and go in episodesDiagnosis involves ruling out disorders associated with low potassium.The health care provider may attempt to trigger an attack by giving you insulin and glucose (which reduces potassium levels) or thyroid hormone.During an attack, there may be the following signs:Decreased or no reflexesHeart arrhythmiasLow potassium in the bloodstream (serum potassium levels are normal between attacks)Weakness, especially in the muscles of the arms and legs and occasionally in the muscles of the eyes. The muscles involved in breathing and swallowing can sometimes be affected, and this can be fatal. Muscle strength is normal between attacks at first. However, repeated attacks may eventually cause worsening and persistent muscle weakness.Between attacks, examination is normal. Or, there may be signs of hyperthyroidism, such as an enlarged thyroid.Hyperthyroidism is confirmed by abnormal results on the following tests:High thyroid hormone levels (T3 or T4)Low serum TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) levelsOther test results:Abnormal ECG(electrocardiogram) during attacksAbnormal EMG(electromyogram) during attacksLow serum potassium during attacks, but normal between attacksA muscle biopsymay occasionally show abnormalities.TreatmentThe best treatment is to quickly reduce thyroid hormone levels. Potassium should also be given during the attack, preferably by mouth. If weakness is severe, intravenous potassium may be needed. (Note: intravenous potassium should be given only if kidney function is normal and the patient is monitored in the hospital.)Weakness that involves the muscles used for breathing or swallowing is an emergency. Patients must be taken to a hospital. Dangerous heart arrhythmias may also occur during attacks.Your health care provider may recommend that you eat a diet low in carbohydrates and salt to prevent attacks. Medications called beta blockers may reduce the number and severity of attacks while hyperthyroidism is brought under control.Acetazolamide is effective in preventing attacks in people with familial periodic paralysis. It is usually not effective with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.Expectations (prognosis)Chronic attacks will eventually lead to muscle weakness that persists even between attacks. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis responds well to treatment. Treating hyperthyroidism will prevent attacks and may even reverse muscle weakness.ComplicationsDifficulty breathing, speaking, or swallowing during attacks (rare)Heart arrhythmias during attacksMuscle weakness that gets worse over timeCalling your health care providerGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have periods of muscle weakness. This is especially important if you have a family history of periodic paralysis or thyroid disorders.Emergency symptoms include:Difficulty breathing, speaking, or swallowingFaintingPreventionGenetic counseling may be advised. Treating the thyroid disorder prevents attacks of weakness.
What types of people are most at risk for bedsores?
records show that two thirds of all bedsores occur in people over age 70. People who are neurologically impaired, such as those with spinal injuries or paralysis, are also at high risk.
What are risks of spinal instrumentation?
Spinal instrumentation carries a significant risk of nerve damage and paralysis.
Is a love of soccer worth the risk of paralysis?
If you love it, then yes. If you love something strong enough, you will risk a lot of things for it. In everything you do, there is always risk involved. You might as well love something and risk it all.
Is it common to have facial paralysis following tooth extraction?
Facial paralysis is not a common outcome following tooth extraction, but it can occur in rare cases, particularly if the extraction involves the lower wisdom teeth or if there is inadvertent damage to nearby nerves. The inferior alveolar nerve, which supplies sensation to the lower lip and chin, is most at risk during lower jaw procedures. If a patient experiences facial paralysis after a tooth extraction, they should consult their dentist or oral surgeon for evaluation and management. Generally, most patients recover without complications.
What is the potentially fatal paralysis of skeletal muscles resulting from ingestion of botulinum toxin?
Ingesting botulinum toxin can cause Botulism, which has the risk of causing potentially fatal paralysis. Infants under 1 or those with severely depressed immune systems should not eat honey due to the risk of being exposed to botulinum spores in the honey.
Can wisdom teeth paralyze your face?
With the bottom wisdom teeth, this is a risk. The risk is dependent on how close the root tips are to the nerves, how curved the roots are, and how involved the extraction will get in terms of oral surgery. Your dentist or oral surgeon will determine how at risk you are for facial paralysis.
What risks are associated with disk removal?
The most common risk of the surgery is infection.Rarely, the surgery damages nerves in the lower back or major blood vessels in front of the disk. Occasionally, there may be some residual paralysis of a leg or bladder muscle.
What are the risks of spinal instrumentation?
Spinal instrumentation carries a significant risk of nerve damage and paralysis. there is a risk of infection or an inflammatory reaction due to the presence of the foreign material in the body. the instrumentation may move or break.
What risks are associated with stapedectomy?
The most serious risk is an increased hearing loss, which occurs in about one percent. Less common complications include: temporary change in taste. perforated eardrum. temporary facial nerve paralysis. ringing in the ears. vertigo.
