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An E. coli strain that is histidine (His) auxotrophic cannot synthesize histidine due to a mutation in the genes responsible for its biosynthesis, requiring histidine to be supplied in the growth medium. In contrast, a strain that is lactose (Lac) positive can utilize lactose as a carbon source due to the presence of functional genes that allow the uptake and metabolism of lactose. Therefore, while the His auxotroph relies on external histidine, the Lac-positive strain can metabolize lactose without requiring additional nutrients.

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