First off the Respiratory System is made up of all the organs in your body that help you breathe. Now, all living things have their own way of breathing, some are similar to humans, others not. Most are though. Certain sea creatures, like the sponge and such, no. I'm not sure what you have in mind for "complex animals" because even our bodily functions are complex, but in any case all living things need to breathe, so that is why "complex animals" have, and need a respiratory system. Hope that helps!
Marine organisms extract dissolved oxygen from seawater through their gills, lungs, or skin. These structures have respiratory surfaces with a large surface area, allowing for efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the surrounding water. Oxygen diffuses from the seawater into the organism's respiratory surface and is then transported to the cells for cellular respiration.
large organisms need larger area to exchange more substances.but large organisms have small surface area to volume ratio.this means that the surface is not large enough to enable gases and nutrients at the fast rate needed to keep all the cells alive.thus large organisms need special exchange surfaces to provide the body with the nutrients and gaseous exchange they require.
In unicellular organisms, gases are exchanged through simple diffusion across the cell membrane. Oxygen from the environment diffuses into the cell, while carbon dioxide produced by the cell diffuses out. This process is driven by concentration gradients, where gases move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.
Some organisms, such as certain amphibians, worms, and single-celled organisms, can directly absorb oxygen through their skin or cell membranes in a process called diffusion. This method is effective in moist environments where oxygen can easily pass through their surfaces. As long as they have a sufficiently large surface area relative to their volume and live in environments where oxygen is adequately dissolved in water or moisture, they can meet their respiratory needs without specialized structures like lungs or gills.
Gas exchange takes place at a respiratory surface-a boundary between the external environment and the interior of the organism. For unicellular organisms the respiratory surface is governed by Fick's law, which determines that respiratory surfaces must have:a large surface areaa thin permeable surfacea moist exchange surface.
The structure of organs is always relevant to function. The function of respiratory surfaces is gaseous exchange. The structure would therefore facilitate this as follows: 1. A single layer of squamous epithelial cells. 2. A large blood supply to the surface. 3. A large surface area. 4. Counter-current flow of medium to blood. (This means that the blood and air/water are flowing in opposite directions so as to increase the concentration gradient).
Because there is more pressure in the surfaces.
large area
Epithelial tissue. It serves as a protective barrier, regulates the passage of substances, and can be found lining surfaces such as the skin, respiratory tract, and digestive system.
Goblet cells are found in the respiratory epithelium. They produce mucous which coats the tubes. Goblet cells are found scattered among the epithelial lining of organs, such as the intestinal and respiratory tracts. They are found inside the trachea, bronchi, and larger bronchioles in the respiratory tract, small intestines, the large intestine, and conjunctiva in the upper eyelid.
large area
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