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If you are talking about Humans, there is something called COPD, or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, which is a whole subset of disease states. Emphysema, and Asthma are subsets of COPD. Generally, this is a degenerative disease that can be made worse by smoking or second hand smoke. The reason this happens is there are elastic fibers in the lung itself - after we take a full breath, and relax, the air is exhaled, and the elastic fibers help our lung recoil to the resting state. The anti-Trypsin in our bodies fights to keep the Trypsin that ALSO resides in our bodies from digesting the elastic fibers as we age. With age, and/or smoking, this process is sped up. As the lung progressively lose their ability to recoil, breathing can become more compromised, with a progressive increase in work to breathe. The front to back (AP) diameter of the chest increase, and flattens the diaphragm, which "stretches" the lungs, and makes the diaphragm less effective. Since the Diaphragm does 66% of the work, this makes the work to breathe increase significantly.

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