The ventricles contract upwards primarily due to the arrangement of cardiac muscle fibers, which are structured in a spiral pattern. This contraction begins at the apex of the heart and moves upwards toward the base, effectively pushing blood out of the ventricles and into the arteries. This upward contraction ensures efficient ejection of blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery, maximizing the heart's pumping efficiency. Additionally, this upward motion helps close the atrioventricular valves, preventing backflow into the atria during systole.
Not really sure what you mean by the base, the ventricles contract from the Apex (which is at the bottom) upwards.
Purkinje Fibers actually makes the ventricles contract.
The ventricles contract.
When relaxed, the atria expand, and then the ventricles contract.
The pulmonary artery and the aorta lead upward and away from the ventricles. Since the ventricles contract from the bottom, blood is more efficiently pushed out of the heart.
Yes, atria contracts before the ventricles.
Systole
The atrioventricular (AV) node causes the ventricles of the heart to contract. It serves as a critical relay point in the electrical conduction system, receiving impulses from the sinoatrial (SA) node and delaying them briefly before transmitting them to the ventricles via the bundle of His. This delay allows the atria to fully contract and empty their blood into the ventricles before the ventricles contract.
Into the heart
contract
The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.
They normally contract together.