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Where does glycosylation of proteins occur?
Glycosylation of proteins occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus within the eukaryotic cells. In the ER, initial glycosylation processes take place, and then the proteins are further modified in the Golgi apparatus before being transported to their final destinations inside or outside the cell.
What is Fetal hemoglobin?
Fetal hemoglobin has a pair of gamma-globin molecules in place of the typical beta-globins of adult hemoglobin
What concentration of glucose causes glycosylation?
Hemoglobin is glycosylated at any concentration, even normal blood sugar levels. This is why there is a "normal" hemoglobin A1c range. The problem comes when there is an elevated blood glucose. The problem is with the elevated blood glucose, not that there is an elevated Hgb A1c. The A1c is only a marker and a way for physicians to measure the average blood glucose over the past 120 days.
What substance is needed for hemoglobin synthesis?
Hemoglobin is the protein that, along with water, makes up a red blood cell. Hemoglobin is made from two substances, heme and globin. In order for hemoglobin synthesis to take place, two chains of globin must connect to one another. Without these chains, hemoglobin synthesis cannot happen.
What are the roles of N-linked and O-linked glycosylation in protein structure and function?
N-linked glycosylation helps with protein folding, stability, and recognition of the protein by other molecules. O-linked glycosylation can affect protein function by regulating protein activity, localization, and interactions with other molecules. Both types of glycosylation play important roles in modifying protein structure and function.
Mention the functions of Golgi body in plants?
protein glycosylation, lipid glycosylation and also Golgi works as a secretory point; from Golgi, secretory vesicles bud.
What is glycosylation?
Glycosylation is a post-translational modification process in which sugar molecules are attached to proteins, lipids, or other organic molecules. This process plays a crucial role in protein folding, stability, and function, as well as in cell-cell recognition and signaling. Glycosylation can impact various biological processes and has implications in health and disease.
Are plant hemoglobin and animal hemoglobin homologous structures?
Only vertebrates and some invertebrates have hemoglobin. Plants don't need hemoglobin (and therefore don't have any) to take up oxygen because they can do so via their stomatal openings in their leaves.
What is the Portuguese translation for alterations in glycosylation?
It's "Alterações na Glicosilação"
What is the chemical found in cigarette smoke that binds to hemoglobin in place of oxygen is?
Cyanide
Why hemoglobin does not take oxygen from environment?
Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and carries it throughout the body. It does not spontaneously take oxygen from the environment because it requires a specific process in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood and binds to hemoglobin. The binding and release of oxygen by hemoglobin are tightly regulated to ensure efficient transportation and delivery of oxygen to tissues.
What are three types of post-translational modification?
methylation lipidation glycosylation phosphorylation
