The melanocytes are part of the integument's photoprotective mechanism; in response to sunlight, they produce melanin that has a protective role from the sun's ultraviolet rays.
Factors that create a predisposition to malignant melanoma include a family history of the disease, having fair skin that burns easily, a history of excessive sun exposure or sunburns, having numerous moles or atypical moles, and a weakened immune system. Additionally, individuals with a personal history of melanoma or other types of skin cancer are also at an increased risk.
It is not so much the total sun exposure that seems important, rather it is the history of sunburn, (especially if severe or at an early age), that correlates with the increased risk.
Some patients, such as those with IIb or stage III melanoma, are at high risk for the development of recurrence after treatment.
A positive family history of one or two first-degree relatives having had melanoma substantially increases the risk on a genetic basis. A family tendency is observed in 8% to 12% of patients.
On this basis populations of fair-skinned people living in areas of high sun exposure such as the southwest United States or Australia are subject to increased risk.
On this basis populations of fair-skinned people living in areas of high sun exposure such as the southwest United States or Australia are subject to increased risk.
The actual number of moles increases risk, but the size of the moles needs be considered. Those with 10 larger moles of over 1 cm (0.4 in.) are at more risk than those with a higher number (50-99) of smaller moles.
The subtype also may influence where the tumor develops; lentigo melanoma is more common on the face while acral lentiginous melanoma is more common on the palms of the hand, soles of the feet, or in the nail beds.
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops in the melanocytes, which are the pigment-producing cells in the skin. The exact cause of melanoma is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic predisposition and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources such as tanning beds. Here are some factors that may increase the risk of developing melanoma: UV Radiation Exposure: Exposure to UV radiation from the sun or indoor tanning devices is a major risk factor for melanoma. UV radiation damages the DNA in skin cells, increasing the likelihood of mutations that can lead to the development of cancerous growths. Fair Skin: People with fair skin, light hair, and light eyes are at higher risk of developing melanoma because they have less melanin, which provides natural protection against UV radiation. History of Sunburns: A history of severe sunburns, especially during childhood or adolescence, can increase the risk of melanoma later in life. Sunburns indicate overexposure to UV radiation, which can damage the DNA in skin cells and increase the risk of cancer. Family History: Individuals with a family history of melanoma or other types of skin cancer have an increased risk of developing melanoma themselves. Certain genetic mutations may predispose individuals to melanoma, although most cases of melanoma occur in people without a family history of the disease. Moles: Having numerous moles (nevi) or atypical moles (dysplastic nevi) may increase the risk of melanoma. Changes in the size, shape, color, or texture of moles may indicate the development of melanoma or other skin cancers. Weakened Immune System: People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or who are undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, may have an increased risk of developing melanoma. Age: While melanoma can occur at any age, the risk increases with age, with most cases diagnosed in adults over the age of 50. It's important to note that while these factors may increase the risk of developing melanoma, not everyone with these risk factors will develop the disease. Additionally, melanoma can occur in individuals without any known risk factors. Practicing sun safety, including wearing sunscreen, protective clothing, and seeking shade, is essential for reducing the risk of melanoma and other types of skin cancer. Regular skin self-examinations and annual skin checks by a healthcare provider can help detect melanoma early when it is most treatable. If you notice any changes in your skin, such as new moles, changes in existing moles, or other suspicious growths, it's important to seek prompt medical attention.
That exposure will increase the risk, but a risk is not a certainty.
The risk is about 13 per 100,000 of the population. It affects all age groups but is most commonly seen in patients between 30 and 60 years of age.
If it could be ascertained that there was disease in the nodes, resection (removal) would be appropriate. However, if there was no disease, the risk of edema should be avoided.