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malaria is a single-celled protozoan parasite and is not a bacterium. This means it does not have cell walls unlike bacteria. Penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics kill bacteria by stopping the repair and remodeling of the bacterial cell wall through inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis, which is necessary to maintain the cell wall.

Other classes of antibiotics, particularly tetracyclines, however, can work against malaria because they target a function that is present in both bacteria and malaria parasites.

Source: I am a scientist who studies antimalarial drugs.

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